Archives Январь 2024

Windshield wipers are necessary for safe driving. The rubber blades on the car wiper’s go across the car windscreen, removing debris, dust, moisture, and ice particles ensuring drivers get a clear vision when driving. That said, if you find your car’s windshield wipers not returning to rest position, it could be because of dust and debris. Let’s go through the causes and fixes in detail. 

Causes for Windshield Wipers Not Returning to Rest Position

Car drivers get affected when driving with windshield wipers that don’t work correctly. For example, driving on a rainy day without working wipers is not only inconvenient but also risky. In addition to dust and debris accumulation, there are other reasons why your windshield wipers aren’t working.  

Dirty Windshield

The most common reason for windshield wipers not returning to rest position is a dirty windshield. If your car’s windshield wiper only goes up to a certain extent and gets stuck, you should clean the dust, debris, and ice particles among other obstructions from the windshield. 

Usually, the accumulation of various particles on the windshield slows down the wipers or misaligns them with time. Therefore, clean the buildup on the windshield for wipers to work effectively. 

Weak Wiper Motor

Just like any motor, a car’s wiper motor wears with age. This results in weakening the motor and hampers the wiper’s movement even with minimal resistance. With a weak wiper motor, wipers drag or operate slowly. This can also stop wipers from clearing a wet windshield. 

Damaged Wiper Transmission

A vehicle’s wiper transmission transmits the motor’s rotational output to the unit’s corresponding wiper arms, with a series of linkages. This causes the car’s wiper arms to sweep while coordinating the movements of both wiper arms. 

However, with age, this linkage can wear and bind causing the wiper transmission to stick in one position.

Damaged Wiper Arms or Blades 

Wiper arms hold the wiper blades in place, however, if the wiper arms are damaged, they can prevent the windshield wipers from returning to rest position. Moreover, the rubber wiper blades wipe water, moisture and other particles from the windshield. If they are worn out, they can cause wiper problems including not returning to rest position. 

Incorrect Wiper Installation

Another reason for windshield wipers not returning to the rest position is incorrect wiper installation. If you have replaced your vehicle’s wiper motor or wiper transmission and the wipers are no longer returning to the park position, it is because of wiper misalignment. 

To replace the windshield wipers, or any other auto part, go through this list of auto accessories and parts for sale in the UAE. 

Fixes for Windshield Wipers Not Returning To Rest Position

Let’s go through some easy and effective methods for getting the windshield wipers back to their normal position.

Clean the Windshield 

Clear the windshield from dust, debris, ice and other obstructions. Also, clean the wiper pads for effective movement of windshield wipers. Proper car windshield maintenance is necessary for safe driving. 

Remove the Driver Side Wiper

Open the car’s hood and remove the wiper on the driver’s side. Use a screwdriver to detach the wiper. Pull it off gently and set it aside. Then, check the wiper for any faults. If there is a problem with the wiper a replacement would be required.

Pull off the Foam Stripe & Plastic Cap

Reach the wiper motor transmission to get the wiper to its resting position. To reach the transmission, remove the foam inside the driver-side wiper (that was removed earlier). Don’t remove all of the foam, take it out partially. Then slowly and carefully pull away from the plastic caps and remove the plastic cover partially. Here, you would be able to see the wiper transmission.

Locate and Adjust the Transmission

After reaching the wiper transmission, turn on the car’s engine and run the wiper till they come to their rest position. If the windshield wipers are not returning to rest position work on its mechanical part. There is an over-shaped plate beneath the wiper’s arm that works to move the wipers. 

This metal tab should be on the right side of the wiper’s transmissions. The tab touches the transmission to lock the wiper transmission when it is turned off.

However, if the metal tab is out of place use a flathead screwdriver and hammer to get it back in the proper position. If you still find a problem with the wipers, there might be an electrical issue such as a wiper fuse. 

The wiper fuse is a device that prevents electrical surges from damaging the wiper motor. That said, if the fuse is blown, it prevents the wipers from working properly. Take your car to a professional auto workshop in case of an electrical issue. 

Always check the wipers before safety when driving in the rain.

Those were some common causes for windshield wipers not returning to rest position along with its fixes. Besides, if the wipers are not touching the glass at all, go through these causes and fixes for windshield wipers not touching windshield.

Stay tuned to dubizzle’s top auto blog for more on car parts and repairs.

A car engine consists of many components that are used to transmit energy. Some auto parts have a more prominent role in the engine’s working, while others are connected components to enhance efficiency. The camshaft is an essential component; without it, the 4-stroke engine wouldn’t work.

Let’s go through the comprehensive guide on the camshaft mechanism, its parts, and what happens when the camshaft goes bad.

What Is the Function of a Camshaft?

Camshaft’s primary role is to control the opening and closing of the engine’s valves, ensuring the precise timing and duration of these events. The crankshaft rotates the camshaft into a reciprocating motion to open and close the valves. That said, it actuates the engine’s valves. 

The camshaft functions through a series of lobes or cams positioned along its length. As the camshaft rotates, the lobes push against various engine valve actuation mechanisms (such as rocker arms, followers, or hydraulic lifters). It opens the valve and closes at specific intervals.

The timing of valve opening and closing is essential for the four-stroke engine. For instance, longer valve duration allows efficient intake and exhaust processes and improves engine breathing, power delivery and torque characteristics.

Driving Mechanism of the Camshaft

The driving mechanism of the camshaft depends on the engine design and can vary. The following are the driving mechanisms of the camshaft:

Gear Drive

Several engines use a gear drive mechanism to drive the camshaft. In this setup, the camshaft connects to the crankshaft through gears. 

These gears have specific tooth profiles to maintain precise timing between the crankshaft and camshaft rotation. As the crankshaft turns, the gears transfer the rotational motion to the camshaft, controlling the valve operation.

Chain Drive

A chain around sprockets connects the camshaft and crankshaft in the engines that use a chain and sprocket arrangement. The chain’s movement transfers the rotation from the crankshaft to the camshaft, ensuring proper valve timing.

Belt Drive

In many modern engines, a car timing belt or chain drives the camshaft. This belt or chain connects to the camshaft to convert the motion of the reciprocating piston into a rotary motion. 

The timing belt/chain is routed around various gears or sprockets, connecting the crankshaft and camshaft. It ensures synchronisation between the two shafts’ rotation. As the crankshaft rotates, it drives the camshaft through the timing belt or chain, causing the camshaft lobes to actuate the valves.

Parts of a Camshaft

A camshaft consists of several distinct parts that work together to perform this function. Here are the main components of a camshaft:

• Cam lobes
• Journal bearings
• Timing gear
• Camshaft position sensor (CMP sensor)
• Camshaft bearings
• Thrust plate
• Camshaft pulley

Different Types of Camshafts

Camshafts come in various types, each designed to optimise engine performance based on specific requirements. Here are some different types of camshafts:

Flat Tappet Cam

It is the most basic and commonly used type of camshaft. It has a flat surface on which the lifters or tappets ride. These camshafts require regular maintenance, including periodic replacement of the lifters and camshaft due to wear.

Roller Cam

Roller camshafts feature roller bearings on the cam lobes, allowing for reduced friction and wear. Compared to flat-tappet camshafts, they are more durable and can handle higher valve lift and RPM. Roller camshafts are common in high-performance engines.

Hydraulic Camshaft

These use hydraulic lifters that adjust the valve lash, ensuring precise valve operation and reduced maintenance. They are quieter compared to solid camshafts and provide smooth valve action. Modern passenger vehicles usually use these hydraulic camshafts.

Solid Camshaft

Solid camshafts have mechanical lifters with no hydraulic adjustment. They require regular adjustment of the valve lash to maintain proper valve clearance. Solid camshafts are found in high-performance engines where precise valve control is essential.

Mushroom Camshaft

Mushroom camshafts have a unique design with a rounded, mushroom-shaped cam lobe profile. They are commonly used in high-performance engines and offer improved valve lift and duration compared to traditional camshafts.

Variable Valve Timing (VVT) Camshaft

VVT camshafts can vary the timing of the valve lift events. They can adjust the valve timing based on engine speed and load conditions, improving performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions. Modern engines come with variable valve timing engine technology. Some examples of VVT engines are:

• Mitsubishi MIVEC Technology
• Honda V-TEC Technology

Symptoms of a Bad Camshaft

A bad camshaft can cause various symptoms in an engine. Here are some common signs that may indicate a problem with the camshaft:

Engine Misfires

A faulty camshaft can lead to irregular or incomplete combustion in one or more cylinders, causing car engine misfires. You may experience a rough running engine, hesitation, or loss of power.

Poor Performance

A damaged camshaft can affect the engine’s performance, causing a decrease in power, acceleration, and overall efficiency. The engine may feel sluggish and unresponsive.

Rough Idle

If the camshaft lobes are worn or damaged, it can disrupt the engine performance at idle. You may notice a rough or lumpy idle, with the engine shaking or vibrating excessively. It may also be a reason for the car jerking at an idle position.

Decreased Fuel Efficiency

A faulty camshaft disrupts the proper timing and duration of valve opening and closing, leading to inefficient combustion. It decreases fuel efficiency, causing the car to consume more fuel than usual.

Stalling or Difficulty Starting

A severely damaged camshaft can affect the engine’s ability to start or keep running. The engine may stall frequently, especially at idle, or have difficulty starting altogether. It may also be a malfunctioning camshaft position sensor symptom. 

Loud Ticking or Knocking Noise

Worn or damaged camshaft lobes can cause the lifters or valve components to make noise. You may hear a loud ticking or knocking sound from the engine, especially during acceleration. Besides, other problems can also cause noises in the engine or car. You can use the five senses to identify car problems, such as noises or smells.

Check Engine Light 

If the camshaft position sensor detects irregularities in the camshaft’s rotation or timing, it may trigger the Check Engine warning light on the dashboard. In this case, the engine control module (ECM) stores specific engine diagnostic trouble codes related to the camshaft position or timing.

Therefore, using an onboard diagnostic (OBD) scanner can help identify the malfunctioning code and fix the problem.

Replacement Cost of the Camshafts

The replacement cost of the camshafts depends upon the damage. Some components of the camshaft can be replaced at a minimal price. However, complete camshaft damage can cost up to AED 3,000 to 5,000 in the UAE.

That wraps the comprehensive information about the camshafts. When you buy a used car in the UAE, ensure checking all the components for the effective and efficient performance of the vehicle.

Stay connected with the dubizzle autos blog to learn more about different car parts and what causes their malfunction.

Fuel injectors insert fuel in a car’s engine and have a significant impact on the fuel economy, performance and emissions. Typically, car engines use two types of injections – direct and indirect. The main difference between direct injection vs indirect injection engine is where the fuel is injected. Let’s go through them in detail.

Direct injection and indirect injection engine – Exploring the Contrast

Cars use various types of fuel injectors. The main difference between direct fuel injection (DI) and indirect fuel injection (IDI) is in how the fuel is delivered to the combustion chamber. 

In an indirect fuel injection, the fuel is not injected in the combustion chamber directly, instead, it goes in an air cell or pre-combustion chamber and then fuel is spread in the main engine combustion. 

On the other hand, in direct fuel injection, the fuel is injected in the combustion chamber through the top of the piston that controls the combustion spread. Here are the details on different parts of a combustion chamber in cars.

Direct Fuel Injection

The fuel is entered directly in the combustion chamber exactly at the point where combustion occurs with a direct fuel injection. This type of injection is placed in the cylinder head from where it sprays the precisely measured fuel directly in the combustion chamber at high pressure.

Pros of Direct Fuel Injection 

The direct injection engine system design has many advantages. These include:

Better Fuel Atomization

Improved fuel atomization is among the top advantages of direct fuel injection engines. Under the DI system there is a better fuel and mixing which results in finer fuel atomization. This reduces the fuel consumption, enhances fuel combustion efficiency, maximises the power output and increases the fuel economy. Here are some useful ways for saving vehicle fuel.

Precise Control 

Another difference between direct injection vs indirect engine is that the former has precise control. With direct injection, fuel can be injected throughout different stages of the engine cycle. This enables accurate control on fuel delivery. As a result, there is more engine performance, emissions and fuel efficiency. 

Cooling Combustion Chamber

With direct fuel injection the combustion happens near the spark plug, this results in less heat loss to the cylinder walls. This helps cool the combustion chamber, results in higher compression ratios and reduces the chances of engine knocking or pre-ignition. 

Reduced Emissions

Direct injection engines have an improved combustion efficiency which leads to reduced pollutant emissions including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and other particles.

Cons of Direct Fuel Injection Engine 

Following are some of the disadvantages of direct fuel injection engines. 

• Because the nitrogen oxide emission is higher with direct fuel injection, more expensive and effective anti-pollutant systems are required to comply with the environmental pollution regulations. 
• The direct fuel injection engine is expensive to manufacture when compared with the indirect injection engine. This is because direct fuel injectors need an injection system that endures combustion with a slightly more intricate construction. 
• DI injections require regular cleaning to keep the car in a good condition, or it may increase fuel consumption and cause a power loss. 

Indirect Fuel Injection

In an indirect fuel injection system (IDI), the fuel is supplied outside of the combustion chamber through an intake manifold or the cylinder port. With this system, the fuel is mixed with incoming air before reaching the combustion chamber. 

Pros of Indirect Fuel Injection 

Following are the advantages of indirect fuel injections. 

Simple and cost effective

Compared to direct injections, the design of indirect fuel injection is simpler. They have fewer components and are less expensive to manufacture

Cons of Indirect Fuel Injection

Much like direct injections, indirect injections also have a few disadvantages. These include:

Lower Injection Pressure

The fuel is injected at lower pressure in IDI engines, this results in a lower engine power and efficiency when compared with DI engines.  

Less Precision

Contrary to DI engines, IDI engines have less fuel to air mixture precision. This reduces the combustion efficiency and emissions controls. 

Higher Emissions 

The pollutant emission level is higher with indirect fuel injection engines. This results in a comparatively lesser fuel economy and efficiency when compared with direct fuel injection engines. 

That is all about the difference between direct injection vs indirect injection engine. For good engine performance, it is necessary to keep the injectors clean. If the fuel injectors are dirty or not injecting properly, the car might need a fuel induction service for optimal engine performance. 

Ultimately, the selection of direct and indirect injection engines depends on the car owner’s budget and requirements. 

Besides, if the car’s engine is not performing ideally and results in costly repairs, you can consider buying another car with better fuel economy and engine performance. Browse through this list of used cars for sale in the UAE and have your pick.

Stay tuned dubizzle’s top auto blog for more on car engines, fuels and much more. 

• Types of car exhaust systems
• Types of performance exhaust systems
• Tips for installing performance exhaust

The exhaust system is one of the most crucial components of an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). Its primary function is to redirect hydrocarbon gases the engine generates towards the vehicle’s rear exhaust pipe. By allowing a car to safely breathe out the harmful smoke, it keeps it properly functioning. 

Car exhausts are categorised into various types based on their designs and specifications. However, here we’ll discuss some of the most common types of car exhaust systems and find out how they work.

Types of Car Exhaust Systems and How They Work

The below list contains some of both factory-fitted and aftermarket exhaust options installed in vehicles. 

Single-exit Exhaust System

It is a type of car exhaust system that utilises a single pipe to direct the flow of exhaust gases out of a vehicle. This type of exhaust setup is commonly found as a factory-equipped option in many cars.

Single exhaust systems commonly feature a Y-pipe design, which gathers the exhaust gases from the manifold and channels them into a singular pipe. From there, the gases continue their journey through the muffler before exiting the vehicle. 

This streamlined design of a single exhaust pipe allows for smoother airflow, contributing to more efficient engine operation.

The daily-driven variants of many popular used sedans in the UAE usually have a single-entry exhaust system. However, some of these cars may also be installed with aftermarket exhaust options.

Pros of Single Exhaust System

A single exhaust is lighter in weight and has a lower cost compared to other exhaust systems. Its smaller diameter also results in increased exhaust gas velocity.

Cons of Single Exhaust System

The only noteworthy drawback of this exhaust system is its limited absolute flow, as it is restricted to the diameter of a single tubing.

Dual-exit Exhaust System

The dual-exit exhaust system uses two separate pipes to pass the exhaust gas. In a dual exhaust system, the process of gas expulsion is much faster and more effective than in single-exit exhausts. 

This is why a dual exhaust system is typically found on vehicles with six-cylinder V6 engines or larger ones. It works best in high-performance vehicles, producing a deep, throaty noise admired by petrolheads. Since dual exit exhaust lowers the energy burden on the engine, it improves a car’s performance and fuel efficiency. 

Pros of Dual Exhaust System

Dual-exit exhaust systems are designed to provide additional performance gains. They get gases out faster allowing the engine to suck more air in, which creates horsepower.

Cons of Dual Exhaust System

These types of exhaust systems are often more expensive and heavier than single-exit ones. They can also be louder, however, it depends on the arrangements of the exhaust piping.

Does Dual-exit Exhaust Make a Car Louder?

The pitch of the sound produced by the dual exhaust system depends on the pipe configuration. There are two pipe options in this exhaust system: H- and X-pipe. Both of these pipes produce different types of sounds.

If an H-pipe system is installed, it results in a deeper sound. On the other hand, installing an X-pipe system produces a more high-pitched noise. The noisiness of a car may also be due to a failing muffler, which is among the most common causes behind a loud exhaust system.

Before taking a loud car for a spin, learn about the limits and fines for driving a noisy car in the UAE.

Performance Exhaust System

Vehicle owners who equip their cars with performance exhaust systems desire to enhance their engine’s performance. The installed system achieves this by expelling a greater volume of gas from the machine, amplifying its efficiency. Due to this modification, the engine experiences an augmentation in both horsepower and torque.

Such exhaust systems are easier to identify since they have prominent characteristics. A high-performance exhaust typically has large-diameter pipes and high-flow mufflers that ensure the smooth flow of exhaust gases.

Types of Performance Exhaust Systems

The two most common types of performance exhaust systems are:

• Cat-back Exhaust System
• Axle-back Exhaust System

Let’s do a quick analysis of cat-back vs axle exhaust systems.

Cat-back Vs Axle Exhaust System: How They Are Different

A cat-back exhaust refers to an exhaust system that includes pipes running from the catalytic converter to the muffler and finally to the exhaust tip. It is typically made of a resonator, a muffler and a rear pipe. 

As they use larger diameter pipes, these types of aftermarket car exhaust systems allow freer gas flow than stock exhausts. They also include a mid-pipe, x-pipe, h-pipe or y-pipe, depending on the car make and model. 

Pros of Cat-back Exhaust System

The cat-back system is designed to improve airflow. In this exhaust setup, the engine doesn’t need to work hard to eliminate exhaust fumes. This reduces the engine load on the engine, which results in less fuel consumption

Cons of Cat-back Exhaust System

The biggest drawback of a cat-back system is the loudness. The increased flow of exhaust gases creates a more aggressive sound, which some people find unpleasant.

Similarly, axle-back exhausts have the entire system after the rear axle. Also, known as the straight-pipe exhaust system, it mainly consists of a tailpipe, muffler and exhaust tips. 

Pros of Axle-back Exhaust System

While cat-back exhaust systems are louder and more aggressive, axle-back exhausts are less expensive. Moreover, axle-back exhausts are also easy to install, which makes them a more feasible option for starters in the world of modified cars. 

Cons of Axle-back Exhaust System

When it comes to performance improvement, axle-back systems don’t do much. The muffler is preplaced, which free ups airflow, but the gains are often not noticeable. Since a small section of your exhaust system is replaced, installation of an axle-back exhaust is often pretty straightforward.

The process of changing an exhaust system requires good knowledge and precision to be executed correctly. For optimal results, it is typically recommended to get it done by a certified auto technician. 

Other than performance upgrades, you may also need to repair or replace a car exhaust system upon experiencing symptoms of a failing manifold or other critical issues.

Things to Know Before Installing Aftermarket Performance Exhausts

• As the name suggests, performance exhaust systems are built to enhance a car’s engine performance. They create this aggressive rumble that a lot of rev heads admire about their cars.
• The downside of installing performance exhausts is that they result in high fuel consumption. 
• Installing these types of car exhaust systems may also void some manufacturers’ warranties. Moreover, in some cases, car modifications affect car insurance in the UAE. Be mindful of these factors before installing a performance exhaust.
• When installing an aftermarket exhaust system, check out our guide to building a project car in the UAE. It will provide you with useful information in this regard.

This is everything you need to know about the different types of car exhaust systems. However, it is important to keep a close eye on the changing colours of exhaust smoke. They are usually an indicator of the underlying car trouble that needs attention.

Whether you are looking for a daily-driven car or a high-performance vehicle, there’s a long list of pre-owned cars for sale in the UAE. 

Stay connected to the dubizzle car blog for insightful pieces regarding auto parts and repairs.

Four-wheel steering (4WS) also known as the all-wheel steering system is used by auto manufacturers in different performance-oriented models and high-end vehicles. This system allows all four wheels of a car to turn in the same or the opposite direction at the same time. The traditional steering system allows only the front wheels of the vehicles to be steered, while the back wheels remain locked. 

However, that is not the case with cars that have a four-wheel steering system. 

Basic Features of Four-Wheel Steering System

Also known as Quadra steering system, the 4WS uses allows both the front and rear wheels to be steered in the same and or parallel direction at the same time. 

Cars with four-wheel steering don’t require a lot of space to turn when compared with traditional cars that have a two-wheel steering system. The four-wheel steering technology allows for greater vehicle steering response time and keeps the car stable at high speeds.

Simply put, with this system all four wheels can turn in tandem or the opposite direction to increase a car’s agility in both high and low speeds. 

Types of Four-Wheel Steering System 

There are two types of four-wheel steering systems – passive four-wheel steering and active four-wheel steering. Let’s go through them in detail.

Passive Four-Wheel Steering 

In the passive-four-wheel steering system, the rear wheels are mechanically connected to the front wheels. This means that the front wheels and rear wheels turn together but at a smaller angle. The main purpose of this system is to enhance stability and manoeuvrability when the car is driving at higher speeds. 

At lower speeds, the rear wheels turn slightly in the opposite direction of the front wheels when the vehicle is turning. This reduces the turning radius of the car and improves its manoeuvrability. The passive four-wheel steering system doesn’t use sensors. 

Active Four-Wheel Steering 

The active four-wheel steering system uses sensors to monitor different factors including the vehicle’s speed and steering angle, among others. 

Active four-wheel steering uses electronic or hydraulic systems to control the movement of the rear wheels independently from the front wheels. This allows the rear wheels to turn in the same direction as the front wheels, helping in sharper vehicle turn handling and manoeuvrability at lower speeds. 

On the other hand, when the car is driving at higher speeds, the rear wheels turn in the opposite direction of the front wheels to improve stability and to change lanes safely.

Phases of Four-Wheel Steering

The working of four-wheel steering is based on three phases: negative, positive and neutral. 

Negative phase

Both the front and rear wheels move in different directions in the negative phase. As both axles move in opposite directions the curving radius reduces while turning. As a result, the car needs less space for parking and this is helpful in places where traffic and parking are a major problem.

Neutral phase 

In this phase, only the front wheels either turn to the right or left direction and the rear wheel remains straight or neutral. This is the drive used in traditional cars at medium speed.

Positive phase

The rear and front wheels move in the same direction in the positive phase. This motion of both the front and rear axle helps a 4WS vehicle to change lanes easily when driving on highways.  This phase is generally applied at higher vehicle speed for better handling and more agility.

Benefits of Four-Wheel Steering 

Four-wheel steering systems have many benefits. These include: 

Better Maneuverability

Four-wheel steering systems have the ability to reduce the vehicle’s turning radius. This makes it easy to navigate the car in tight spaces, such as parking lots or urban environments. The rear wheels turn in the opposite direction to the front wheels, this enhances agility and makes parking and U-turns more convenient. For instance, the GMC Hummer Electric truck has a four-wheel steering system for better maneuverability.

Improved Stability

Four-wheel steering results in more stability during high-speed driving. The rear wheels turn slightly in the opposite direction of the front wheels, providing better stability and control when changing lanes or cornering. Simply put, this reduces the risk of oversteering and improves the vehicle’s overall dynamics. An interesting fact about Honda is that some of their cars use a four-wheel steering system.

Enhanced Handling Performance

Four-wheel steering system or quadra steering system improves the car’s handling capabilities by actively adjusting the angle of the rear wheels. This results in a quicker response to steering inputs, more precision and agility while driving. The improved handling of cars with 4WS can be noticed especially during high-speed driving or when manoeuvring through challenging road conditions. Among other cars, the third generation of Toyota Camry introduced the four-wheel steering system.

Safety Improvements

Four-wheel steering increases vehicle stability, agility and manoeuvrability. The system reduces the risk of accidents by providing better control in emergencies, such as sudden lane changes or difficult manoeuvres.

That is all about four-wheel steering. If you’re looking for cars with this type of steering system, go through this list of used cars for sale in the UAE and pick the one with 4WS capabilities. 

Besides, these are some other types of steering wheel options popular among cars.

Stay tuned to dubizzle’s top auto blog for more on car features, repair tips and much more. 

In the world of automotive engineering, one of the crucial factors that determine the performance and efficiency of an internal combustion engine is the air-fuel ratio. The air-fuel ratio refers to the mass ratio of air to fuel supplied to the engine during combustion. 

Let’s delve into the significance of the air-fuel ratio, its optimal range and how it affects a car’s overall performance and efficiency.

What is an Air-Fuel Ratio

The air-fuel ratio for a car typically denoted as “AFR”, represents the quantity of air fuel mixture ratio for combustion. It is measured by the mass of air divided by the mass of fuel. For example, an air-fuel ratio of 14.7:1 indicates that 14.7 parts of air are mixed with one part of fuel. The mixture ratio has a significant impact on various aspects such as fuel economy, performance, reliability and overall engine operation.

Optimal Air-Fuel Ratio

The ideal or stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is the balanced mixture. It provides complete combustion, ensuring the most efficient utilisation of fuel. For fuel engines, the stoichiometric ratio is approximately 14.7:1, which means that 14.7 parts of air are needed to burn one part of fuel completely. 

This ratio ensures that all fuel and oxygen will be consumed during combustion, resulting in minimal emissions and maximum energy release. However, keep an eye on the oxygen sensor to check its performance. Here are some common symptoms of faulty oxygen sensors to help you in this regard.

During idling and light throttle cruising conditions, the air-fuel ratio of 14.7:1 provides optimal efficiency, resulting in the best fuel economy and lowest emissions.

However, when there is a need for increased power, such as during acceleration, efficiency takes a backseat to power production. In such scenarios, a different air-fuel ratio is required, which involves introducing more fuel to generate additional power. 

Typically, maximum engine power is achieved by using an air-fuel ratio of approximately 12:1. This richer mixture ensures that the engine receives an ample fuel supply to produce the desired power output.

Types of Air Fuel Ratio

Here are the three types of air-fuel ratios: 

• Rich air-fuel ratio: In this scenario, there is less air compared to the ideal AFR (14.7:1) amount of fuel. A higher fuel concentration characterises this mixture. A rich air-fuel ratio can be beneficial for power output since it provides more fuel for combustion. However, it can have negative effects on fuel economy and emissions.
• Lean air-fuel ratio: Here, the air component exceeds the ideal AFR, meaning there is more air than the amount of fuel (14.7:1). A lower fuel concentration characterises this mixture. Because of bad fuel consumption, a lean air-fuel ratio can be advantageous for fuel economy and emissions. However, it may result in reduced power output. This is why it is important to know the reasons behind high fuel consumption.
• Ideal air-fuel ratio: The ideal air-fuel ratio represents the correct balance between air and fuel for efficient combustion. This ratio is 14.7 parts of air to 1 part of fuel by mass. It provides a good compromise between power, fuel economy and emissions.

Effects of Rich, Lean and Ideal Air-Fuel Mixtures

Different air and fuel mixtures, whether rich, lean or at the ideal ratio, have distinct effects on engine performance and fuel economy. Here’s a summary of the effects of each mixture:

Rich Air-Fuel Mixture

A rich air-fuel mixture contains more fuel than the stoichiometric ratio. While it may seem advantageous to have more fuel for increased power, it can lead to several drawbacks:

• Increased Power: A rich air-fuel mixture contains a higher concentration of fuel, providing more combustible material for combustion. This can result in increased power output.
• Poor Fuel Economy: Since you inject more fuel in a given amount of air, a rich mixture tends to consume fuel at a faster rate, leading to reduced fuel efficiency.
• Higher Emissions: The excess fuel in a rich mixture can result in incomplete combustion, leading to increased emission of pollutants such as hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO).

Lean Air-Fuel Mixture

A lean air-fuel mixture contains less fuel than the stoichiometric ratio. While it can improve fuel efficiency, it also comes with certain downsides:

• Reduced Power: With less fuel available for combustion, a lean mixture may result in decreased power output, especially at higher engine loads.
• Improved Fuel Economy: A lean air-fuel mixture contains a higher proportion of air and less fuel, resulting in improved fuel efficiency and better mileage.
• Lower Emissions: A well-controlled lean mixture can lead to reduced carbon footprint and HC. However, excessive lean conditions can cause increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.

Ideal Air-Fuel Mixture

The ideal air-fuel mixture is an optimal fuel mixture which provides lower emissions and balanced performance. 

• Balanced Performance: The ideal air-fuel ratio balances power, fuel economy and emissions. It allows for efficient and complete combustion.
• Optimal Fuel Economy: The ideal mixture ensures efficient utilization of fuel, resulting in better fuel economy and improved mileage.
• Lower Emissions: By providing the correct stoichiometric ratio, the ideal mixture minimises the emission of pollutants, including CO, HC and NOx.

Factors Influencing Air Fuel Ratio

Several factors influence the air-fuel ratio in a car engine. Some of the key factors include:

• Engine Load: The air-fuel ratio is adjusted based on the engine’s load, which refers to the amount of power demanded by the driver. Higher loads require a richer mixture to meet the increased power demand.
• Engine Speed: The air-fuel ratio varies with engine speed. A slightly richer mixture may require higher RPMs to ensure adequate power delivery and prevent engine damage.
• Ambient Conditions: The air-fuel ratio may need adjustment depending on ambient temperature, altitude and humidity levels. These factors affect the density of the incoming air and thus influence the optimal air-fuel ratio.

How to Achieve an Optimal Air-Fuel Ratio

Modern vehicles employ sophisticated engine management systems to achieve the ideal air-fuel ratio. These systems use various sensors to monitor factors such as engine load, temperature, oxygen levels and exhaust gas composition. Based on this information, the engine control unit (ECU) adjusts the fuel injector and ignition timing to maintain the desired air-fuel ratio.

Air-Fuel Ratio Tuning 

Performance enthusiasts often explore tuning the air-fuel ratio as a means to enhance engine output and optimise performance. This tuning process typically involves making modifications to the air intake, exhaust system, or fuel delivery system to achieve a specific air-fuel ratio that deviates from the stock parameters.

By adjusting the air-fuel mixture, enthusiasts aim to maximise power gains and improve overall engine performance. However, it’s important to strike a balance between these desired outcomes and potential drawbacks that may arise from altering the air-fuel ratio.

Increasing engine output through air-fuel ratio tuning can lead to increased emissions, as the modified mixture may result in incomplete combustion. It’s crucial to ensure that the modified ratio remains within acceptable limits to minimise the environmental impact. Additionally, adjusting the air-fuel ratio for performance gains may result in reduced fuel efficiency. 

The air-fuel ratio plays a crucial role in determining the performance and efficiency of a car’s internal combustion engine. Striking the right balance between a rich and lean mixture is essential for optimal power output, fuel efficiency and emissions control.

Modern ECU has significantly improved the ability to maintain the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio under various operating conditions. Understanding the air-fuel ratio’s importance helps car owners make informed decisions about engine tuning, fuel economy and environmental impact. By optimising the air-fuel ratio, we can ensure a balance between power, efficiency and sustainability in the world of automotive engineering.

If you are looking for fuel-efficient cars, browse through the listings of used cars for sale in the UAE here. 

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The Rear Cross Traffic Alert system is a useful feature designed to help drivers reverse their cars from parking spaces or driveways. Simply put, RCTA helps back out cars from spaces (such as parking lots) where drivers may not be able to see approaching traffic. The rear cross traffic alert monitors areas behind a vehicle approaching two sides: the right and the left. Let’s go through the alert system in detail.

What is Rear Cross Traffic Alert

The rear cross traffic alert is a car safety feature that helps drivers be more aware of their surroundings when reversing their car.

Once the car is shifted into reverse, the rear cross traffic alert gets activated. After the system is activated, drivers get a visual or audio warning when reversing other cars entering the rear cross traffic alert detection areas. 

Usually, the visual warning appears on the dashboard, mirror side or rear-view mirror. For example, when the traffic approaches from the right side of a car, the light appears on the right side of the rearview mirror or dashboard or the right-side mirror.

Often paired with backup cameras, rear cross traffic alert systems turn on automatically when drivers shift the gear to reverse.  This feature is useful when large cars or walls on either side of the vehicle obscure the rear vision. Here is how to install a rear view camera in cars.

For example, the driver is alerted via visual or audio warnings to stop the car and avoid a mishap if there is a chance of an accident from an obstruction in the rear area or traffic approaching from the back. 

HOW DOES RCTA WORK?

Sensors that look like buttons are located at each side of a vehicle near the rear bumper. These sensors can use radar or ultrasonic waves. The rear cross traffic alert uses the same sensors that are used by the blind spot monitoring system – provided your car has one. 

When the system detects an approaching vehicle, the rear cross traffic alert system provides a warning light and/or a warning sound to alert drivers. Here is a list of popular car parking sensors.

That said, rear cross traffic alert is not designed to detect small bicycles, motorcycles or pedestrians. It is also not capable of detecting cars approaching from directly behind or those moving away from the vehicle. 

Most of the rear cross traffic alert systems are designed to work best in straight parking situations and may not work as well in angled-parking situations.

HOW TO USE REAR CROSS TRAFFIC ALERT SYSTEM

If you are backing your car out of space, reverse slowly. The rear cross traffic alert system will send an alert message when other cars are detected near or in your backing or reversing path. 

After the rear end of your car is past the adjacent objects and vehicles, the rear cross traffic alert system will have a clear view of traffic approaching from the left or right side. 

Always check over your left and right shoulders when using rear cross traffic alert and reverse with caution. 

Importance of Rear Cross Traffic Alert System 

No one wants to collide their car with an object or another vehicle when reversing out of a parking spot. That said, such accidents are unfortunately common. With the help of rear cross-traffic warning technology, back-end collisions have been reduced by almost 25 to 30 percent. 

New car models have this technology as a standard feature and older cars can use aftermarket systems for safety. 

One way to discover if a car has RCTW is by checking if the side mirrors have a blind-spot warning. Auto manufacturers usually install and integrate the two blind-spot warning and RCTA systems to work in tandem. Both these features are part of the backup warning system use the same sensors inside the left and right sides of the back bumper to detect cars entering their monitored areas. Here

That is all about rear cross traffic alert’s working. If you’re looking for cars equipped with this technology, go through the various models of these makes and have your pick:

• Used Nissan cars for sale in the UAE
• Used Toyotas for sale in the UAE

Stay tuned to dubizzle’s top auto blog for more on car features, DIY solutions, car maintenance tips and much more.